Glass Reinforced Concrete (GRC), also known as Glass-Fibre Reinforced Concrete (GFRC), is a construction material frequently employed for exterior cladding panels. Its rising popularity among architects and engineers stems from its remarkable versatility, allowing it to be moulded into virtually any size, shape, or profile, as exemplified by structures like the Heydar Aliyev Center.
GRC is a composite material comprising high-strength, alkali-resistant glass fibres embedded within a concrete matrix. In this composition, the glass fibres function as the primary load-bearing elements, while the surrounding concrete matrix securely holds them in place and effectively transfers load between the fibres. Both the fibres and the matrix maintain their distinct physical and chemical characteristics, yet their combined properties result in a high-performance composite material.
Typically, GRC is manufactured in thin sections. This process commonly involves machine-spraying a mix of ordinary Portland cement enriched with aggregate, into which glass fibres are uniformly dispersed. These glass fibres serve a purpose similar to steel rebar in traditional reinforced concrete, but with the distinct advantage of being resistant to rust.
GRC panels are often used as a lightweight cladding system and can be designed to closely mimic the appearance of natural stone. Their installation is facilitated and made more cost-effective by their significantly lower weight, which is approximately 80% lighter than pre-cast steel-reinforced concrete cladding. This inherent lightness also contributes to GRC’s energy efficiency, enabling it to achieve a BREEAM A+ material rating, signifying a high standard of environmental performance.
Panel moulds for GRC can be custom-made to replicate intricate and complex profiles. The panels commonly feature a ribbed or sandwich construction, offering commendable durability, fire resistance, weather resistance, and sound insulation properties.